Genesis 10:22 - The sons of Shem [were] Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad and Lud and Aram.

Genesis 10:23 - And the sons of Aram [were] Uz and Hul and Gether and Mash.

Genesis 22:21 - Uz his first-born and Buz his brother and Kemuel the father of Aram

Genesis 25:20 - and Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean of Paddan-aram, the sister of Laban the Aramean, to be his wife.

Genesis 28:2 - "Arise, go to Paddan-aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother's father; and from there take to yourself a wife from the daughters of Laban your mother's brother.

Genesis 28:5 - Then Isaac sent Jacob away, and he went to Paddan-aram to Laban, son of Bethuel the Aramean, the brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Genesis 28:6 - Now Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him away to Paddan-aram, to take to himself a wife from there, [and that] when he blessed him he charged him, saying, "You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan,"

Genesis 28:7 - and that Jacob had obeyed his father and his mother and had gone to Paddan-aram.

Genesis 31:18 - and he drove away all his livestock and all his property which he had gathered, his acquired livestock which he had gathered in Paddan-aram, to go to the land of Canaan to his father Isaac.

Genesis 31:20 - And Jacob deceived Laban the Aramean, by not telling him that he was fleeing.

Genesis 31:24 - And God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream of the night, and said to him, "Be careful that you do not speak to Jacob either good or bad."

Genesis 33:18 - Now Jacob came safely to the city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Paddan-aram, and camped before the city.

Genesis 35:9 - Then God appeared to Jacob again when he came from Paddan-aram, and He blessed him.

Genesis 35:26 - and the sons of Zilpah, Leah's maid: Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan-aram.

Genesis 46:15 - These are the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan-aram, with his daughter Dinah; all his sons and his daughters [numbered] thirty-three.

Numbers 23:7 - And he took up his discourse and said, "From Aram Balak has brought me, Moab's king from the mountains of the East, 'Come curse Jacob for me, And come, denounce Israel!'

Deuteronomy 26:5 - "And you shall answer and say before the LORD your God, 'My father was a wandering Aramean, and he went down to Egypt and sojourned there, few in number; but there he became a great, mighty and populous nation.

Joshua 13:27 - and in the valley, Beth-haram and Beth-nimrah and Succoth and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, with the Jordan as a border, as far as the [lower] end of the Sea of Chinnereth beyond the Jordan to the east.

Judges 10:6 - Then the sons of Israel again did evil in the sight of the LORD, served the Baals and the Ashtaroth, the gods of Aram, the gods of Sidon, the gods of Moab, the gods of the sons of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines; thus they forsook the LORD and did not serve Him.

2 Samuel 8:5 - And when the Arameans of Damascus came to help Hadadezer, king of Zobah, David killed 22,000 Arameans.

2 Samuel 8:6 - Then David put garrisons among the Arameans of Damascus, and the Arameans became servants to David, bringing tribute. And the LORD helped David wherever he went.

2 Samuel 8:12 - from Aram and Moab and the sons of Ammon and the Philistines and Amalek, and from the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah.

2 Samuel 8:13 - So David made a name [for himself] when he returned from killing 18,000 Arameans in the Valley of Salt.

2 Samuel 10:6 - Now when the sons of Ammon saw that they had become odious to David, the sons of Ammon sent and hired the Arameans of Beth-rehob and the Arameans of Zobah, 20,000 foot soldiers, and the king of Maacah with 1,000 men, and the men of Tob with 12,000 men.

2 Samuel 10:8 - And the sons of Ammon came out and drew up in battle array at the entrance of the city, while the Arameans of Zobah and of Rehob and the men of Tob and Maacah [were] by themselves in the field.

2 Samuel 10:9 - Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him in front and in the rear, he selected from all the choice men of Israel, and arrayed [them] against the Arameans.

2 Samuel 10:11 - And he said, "If the Arameans are too strong for me, then you shall help me, but if the sons of Ammon are too strong for you, then I will come to help you.

2 Samuel 10:13 - So Joab and the people who were with him drew near to the battle against the Arameans, and they fled before him.

2 Samuel 10:14 - When the sons of Ammon saw that the Arameans fled, they [also] fled before Abishai and entered the city. Then Joab returned from [fighting] against the sons of Ammon and came to Jerusalem.

2 Samuel 10:15 - When the Arameans saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they gathered themselves together.

2 Samuel 10:16 - And Hadadezer sent and brought out the Arameans who were beyond the River, and they came to Helam; and Shobach the commander of the army of Hadadezer led them.

2 Samuel 10:17 - Now when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together and crossed the Jordan, and came to Helam. And the Arameans arrayed themselves to meet David and fought against him.

2 Samuel 10:18 - But the Arameans fled before Israel, and David killed 700 charioteers of the Arameans and 40,000 horsemen and struck down Shobach the commander of their army, and he died there.

2 Samuel 10:19 - When all the kings, servants of Hadadezer, saw that they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with Israel and served them. So the Arameans feared to help the sons of Ammon anymore.

2 Samuel 15:8 - "For your servant vowed a vow while I was living at Geshur in Aram, saying, 'If the LORD shall indeed bring me back to Jerusalem, then I will serve the LORD.'"

1 Kings 10:29 - And a chariot was imported from Egypt for 600 [shekels] of silver, and a horse for 150; and by the same means they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of the Arameans.

1 Kings 11:25 - So he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon, along with the evil that Hadad [did]; and he abhorred Israel and reigned over Aram.

1 Kings 15:18 - Then Asa took all the silver and the gold which were left in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and the treasuries of the king's house, and delivered them into the hand of his servants. And King Asa sent them to Ben-hadad the son of Tabrimmon, the son of Hezion, king of Aram, who lived in Damascus, saying,

1 Kings 19:15 - And the LORD said to him, "Go, return on your way to the wilderness of Damascus, and when you have arrived, you shall anoint Hazael king over Aram;

1 Kings 20:1 - Now Ben-hadad king of Aram gathered all his army, and there [were] thirty-two kings with him, and horses and chariots. And he went up and besieged Samaria, and fought against it.

1 Kings 20:20 - And they killed each his man; and the Arameans fled, and Israel pursued them, and Ben-hadad king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen.

1 Kings 20:21 - And the king of Israel went out and struck the horses and chariots, and killed the Arameans with a great slaughter.

1 Kings 20:22 - Then the prophet came near to the king of Israel, and said to him, "Go, strengthen yourself and observe and see what you have to do; for at the turn of the year the king of Aram will come up against you."

1 Kings 20:23 - Now the servants of the king of Aram said to him, "Their gods are gods of the mountains, therefore they were stronger than we; but rather let us fight against them in the plain, [and] surely we shall be stronger than they.

1 Kings 20:26 - So it came about at the turn of the year, that Ben-hadad mustered the Arameans and went up to Aphek to fight against Israel.

1 Kings 20:27 - And the sons of Israel were mustered and were provisioned and went to meet them; and the sons of Israel camped before them like two little flocks of goats, but the Arameans filled the country.

1 Kings 20:28 - Then a man of God came near and spoke to the king of Israel and said, "Thus says the LORD, 'Because the Arameans have said, "The LORD is a god of [the] mountains, but He is not a god of [the] valleys"; therefore I will give all this great multitude into your hand, and you shall know that I am the LORD.'"

1 Kings 20:29 - So they camped one over against the other seven days. And it came about that on the seventh day, the battle was joined, and the sons of Israel killed [of] the Arameans 100,000 foot soldiers in one day.

1 Kings 22:1 - And three years passed without war between Aram and Israel.

1 Kings 22:3 - Now the king of Israel said to his servants, "Do you know that Ramoth-gilead belongs to us, and we are still doing nothing to take it out of the hand of the king of Aram?"

1 Kings 22:11 - Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made horns of iron for himself and said, "Thus says the LORD, 'With these you shall gore the Arameans until they are consumed.'"

1 Kings 22:31 - Now the king of Aram had commanded the thirty-two captains of his chariots, saying, "Do not fight with small or great, but with the king of Israel alone."

1 Kings 22:35 - And the battle raged that day, and the king was propped up in his chariot in front of the Arameans, and died at evening, and the blood from the wound ran into the bottom of the chariot.

2 Kings 5:1 - Now Naaman, captain of the army of the king of Aram, was a great man with his master, and highly respected, because by him the LORD had given victory to Aram. The man was also a valiant warrior, [but he was] a leper.

2 Kings 5:2 - Now the Arameans had gone out in bands, and had taken captive a little girl from the land of Israel; and she waited on Naaman's wife.

2 Kings 5:5 - Then the king of Aram said, "Go now, and I will send a letter to the king of Israel." And he departed and took with him ten talents of silver and six thousand [shekels] of gold and ten changes of clothes.

2 Kings 5:20 - But Gehazi, the servant of Elisha the man of God, thought, "Behold, my master has spared this Naaman the Aramean, by not receiving from his hands what he brought. As the LORD lives, I will run after him and take something from him."

2 Kings 6:8 - Now the king of Aram was warring against Israel; and he counseled with his servants saying, "In such and such a place shall be my camp."

2 Kings 6:9 - And the man of God sent [word] to the king of Israel saying, "Beware that you do not pass this place, for the Arameans are coming down there."

2 Kings 6:11 - Now the heart of the king of Aram was enraged over this thing; and he called his servants and said to them, "Will you tell me which of us is for the king of Israel?"

2 Kings 6:23 - So he prepared a great feast for them; and when they had eaten and drunk he sent them away, and they went to their master. And the marauding bands of Arameans did not come again into the land of Israel.

2 Kings 6:24 - Now it came about after this, that Ben-hadad king of Aram gathered all his army and went up and besieged Samaria.

2 Kings 7:4 - "If we say, 'We will enter the city,' then the famine is in the city and we shall die there; and if we sit here, we die also. Now therefore come, and let us go over to the camp of the Arameans. If they spare us, we shall live; and if they kill us, we shall but die."

2 Kings 7:5 - And they arose at twilight to go to the camp of the Arameans; when they came to the outskirts of the camp of the Arameans, behold, there was no one there.

2 Kings 7:6 - For the Lord had caused the army of the Arameans to hear a sound of chariots and a sound of horses, [even] the sound of a great army, so that they said to one another, "Behold, the king of Israel has hired against us the kings of the Hittites and the kings of the Egyptians, to come upon us."

2 Kings 7:10 - So they came and called to the gatekeepers of the city, and they told them, saying, "We came to the camp of the Arameans, and behold, there was no one there, nor the voice of man, only the horses tied and the donkeys tied, and the tents just as they were."

2 Kings 7:12 - Then the king arose in the night and said to his servants, "I will now tell you what the Arameans have done to us. They know that we are hungry; therefore they have gone from the camp to hide themselves in the field, saying, 'When they come out of the city, we shall capture them alive and get into the city.'"

2 Kings 7:14 - They took therefore two chariots with horses, and the king sent after the army of the Arameans, saying, "Go and see."

2 Kings 7:15 - And they went after them to the Jordan, and behold, all the way was full of clothes and equipment, which the Arameans had thrown away in their haste. Then the messengers returned and told the king.

2 Kings 7:16 - So the people went out and plundered the camp of the Arameans. Then a measure of fine flour [was sold] for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel, according to the word of the LORD.

2 Kings 8:7 - Then Elisha came to Damascus. Now Ben-hadad king of Aram was sick, and it was told him, saying, "The man of God has come here."

2 Kings 8:9 - So Hazael went to meet him and took a gift in his hand, even every kind of good thing of Damascus, forty camels' loads; and he came and stood before him and said, "Your son Ben-hadad king of Aram has sent me to you, saying, 'Will I recover from this sickness?'"

2 Kings 8:13 - Then Hazael said, "But what is your servant, [who is but] a dog, that he should do this great thing?" And Elisha answered, "The LORD has shown me that you will be king over Aram."

2 Kings 8:28 - Then he went with Joram the son of Ahab to war against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead, and the Arameans wounded Joram.

2 Kings 8:29 - So King Joram returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Arameans had inflicted on him at Ramah, when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. Then Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel because he was sick.

2 Kings 9:14 - So Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Joram. Now Joram with all Israel was defending Ramoth-gilead against Hazael king of Aram,

2 Kings 9:15 - but King Joram had returned to Jezreel to be healed of the wounds which the Arameans had inflicted on him when he fought with Hazael king of Aram. So Jehu said, "If this is your mind, [then] let no one escape [or] leave the city to go tell [it] in Jezreel."

2 Kings 12:17 - Then Hazael king of Aram went up and fought against Gath and captured it, and Hazael set his face to go up to Jerusalem.

2 Kings 12:18 - And Jehoash king of Judah took all the sacred things that Jehoshaphat and Jehoram and Ahaziah, his fathers, kings of Judah, had dedicated, and his own sacred things and all the gold that was found among the treasuries of the house of the LORD and of the king's house, and sent [them] to Hazael king of Aram. Then he went away from Jerusalem.

2 Kings 13:3 - So the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and He gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram, and into the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Hazael.

2 Kings 13:4 - Then Jehoahaz entreated the favor of the LORD, and the LORD listened to him; for He saw the oppression of Israel, how the king of Aram oppressed them.

2 Kings 13:5 - And the LORD gave Israel a deliverer, so that they escaped from under the hand of the Arameans; and the sons of Israel lived in their tents as formerly.

2 Kings 13:7 - For he left to Jehoahaz of the army not more than fifty horsemen and ten chariots and 10,000 footmen, for the king of Aram had destroyed them and made them like the dust at threshing.

2 Kings 13:17 - And he said, "Open the window toward the east," and he opened [it]. Then Elisha said, "Shoot!" And he shot. And he said, "The LORD's arrow of victory, even the arrow of victory over Aram; for you shall defeat the Arameans at Aphek until you have destroyed [them.]"

2 Kings 13:19 - So the man of God was angry with him and said, "You should have struck five or six times, then you would have struck Aram until you would have destroyed [it]. But now you shall strike Aram [only] three times."

2 Kings 13:22 - Now Hazael king of Aram had oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.

2 Kings 13:24 - When Hazael king of Aram died, Ben-hadad his son became king in his place.

2 Kings 15:37 - In those days the LORD began to send Rezin king of Aram and Pekah the son of Remaliah against Judah.

2 Kings 16:5 - Then Rezin king of Aram and Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel, came up to Jerusalem to [wage] war; and they besieged Ahaz, but could not overcome him.

2 Kings 16:6 - At that time Rezin king of Aram recovered Elath for Aram, and cleared the Judeans out of Elath entirely; and the Arameans came to Elath, and have lived there to this day.

2 Kings 16:7 - So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria, saying, "I am your servant and your son; come up and deliver me from the hand of the king of Aram, and from the hand of the king of Israel, who are rising up against me."

2 Kings 18:26 - Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebnah and Joah, said to Rabshakeh, "Speak now to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand [it]; and do not speak with us in Judean, in the hearing of the people who are on the wall."

2 Kings 24:2 - And the LORD sent against him bands of Chaldeans, bands of Arameans, bands of Moabites, and bands of Ammonites. So He sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of the LORD, which He had spoken through His servants the prophets.

1 Chronicles 1:17 - The sons of Shem [were] Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, Aram, Uz, Hul, Gether, and Meshech.

1 Chronicles 2:23 - But Geshur and Aram took the towns of Jair from them, with Kenath and its villages, [even] sixty cities. All these were the sons of Machir, the father of Gilead.

1 Chronicles 7:14 - The sons of Manasseh [were] Asriel, whom his Aramean concubine bore; she bore Machir the father of Gilead.

1 Chronicles 7:34 - And the sons of Shemer [were] Ahi and Rohgah, Jehubbah and Aram.

1 Chronicles 18:5 - When the Arameans of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David killed 22,000 men of the Arameans.

1 Chronicles 18:6 - Then David put [garrisons] among the Arameans of Damascus; and the Arameans became servants to David, bringing tribute. And the LORD helped David wherever he went.

1 Chronicles 19:6 - When the sons of Ammon saw that they had made themselves odious to David, Hanun and the sons of Ammon sent 1,000 talents of silver to hire for themselves chariots and horsemen from Mesopotamia, from Aram-maacah, and from Zobah.

1 Chronicles 19:10 - Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him in front and in the rear, he selected from all the choice men of Israel and they arrayed themselves against the Arameans.

1 Chronicles 19:12 - And he said, "If the Arameans are too strong for me, then you shall help me; but if the sons of Ammon are too strong for you, then I will help you.

1 Chronicles 19:14 - So Joab and the people who were with him drew near to the battle against the Arameans, and they fled before him.

1 Chronicles 19:15 - When the sons of Ammon saw that the Arameans fled, they also fled before Abshai his brother, and entered the city. Then Joab came to Jerusalem.

1 Chronicles 19:16 - When the Arameans saw that they had been defeated by Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans who were beyond the River, with Shophach the commander of the army of Hadadezer leading them.

1 Chronicles 19:17 - When it was told David, he gathered all Israel together and crossed the Jordan, and came upon them and drew up in formation against them. And when David drew up in battle array against the Arameans, they fought against him.

1 Chronicles 19:18 - And the Arameans fled before Israel, and David killed of the Arameans 7,000 charioteers and 40,000 foot soldiers, and put to death Shophach the commander of the army.

1 Chronicles 19:19 - So when the servants of Hadadezer saw that they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and served him. Thus the Arameans were not willing to help the sons of Ammon anymore.

2 Chronicles 1:17 - And they imported chariots from Egypt for 600 [shekels] of silver apiece, and horses for 150 apiece, and by the same means they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and the kings of Aram.

2 Chronicles 16:2 - Then Asa brought out silver and gold from the treasuries of the house of the LORD and the king's house, and sent them to Ben-hadad king of Aram, who lived in Damascus, saying,

2 Chronicles 16:7 - At that time Hanani the seer came to Asa king of Judah and said to him, "Because you have relied on the king of Aram and have not relied on the LORD your God, therefore the army of the king of Aram has escaped out of your hand.

2 Chronicles 18:10 - And Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made horns of iron for himself and said, "Thus says the LORD, 'With these you shall gore the Arameans, until they are consumed.'"

2 Chronicles 18:30 - Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of his chariots, saying, "Do not fight with small or great, but with the king of Israel alone."

2 Chronicles 18:34 - And the battle raged that day, and the king of Israel propped himself up in his chariot in front of the Arameans until the evening; and at sunset he died.

2 Chronicles 20:2 - Then some came and reported to Jehoshaphat, saying, "A great multitude is coming against you from beyond the sea, out of Aram and behold, they are in Hazazon-tamar (that is Engedi)."

2 Chronicles 22:5 - He also walked according to their counsel, and went with Jehoram the son of Ahab king of Israel to wage war against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead. But the Arameans wounded Joram.

2 Chronicles 22:6 - So he returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which they had inflicted on him at Ramah, when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. And Ahaziah, the son of Jehoram king of Judah, went down to see Jehoram the son of Ahab in Jezreel, because he was sick.

2 Chronicles 24:23 - Now it came about at the turn of the year that the army of the Arameans came up against him; and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, destroyed all the officials of the people from among the people, and sent all their spoil to the king of Damascus.

2 Chronicles 24:24 - Indeed the army of the Arameans came with a small number of men; yet the LORD delivered a very great army into their hands, because they had forsaken the LORD, the God of their fathers. Thus they executed judgment on Joash.

2 Chronicles 28:5 - Wherefore, the LORD his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Aram; and they defeated him and carried away from him a great number of captives, and brought [them] to Damascus. And he was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who inflicted him with heavy casualties.

2 Chronicles 28:23 - For he sacrificed to the gods of Damascus which had defeated him, and said, "Because the gods of the kings of Aram helped them, I will sacrifice to them that they may help me." But they became the downfall of him and all Israel.

Ezra 4:7 - And in the days of Artaxerxes, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of his colleagues, wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the text of the letter was written in Aramaic and translated [from] Aramaic.

Psalms 60:1 - [For the choir director; according to Shushan Eduth. A Mikhtam of David, to teach; when he struggled with Aram-naharaim and with Aram- zobah, and Joab returned, and smote twelve thousand of Edom in the Valley of Salt]. O God, Thou hast rejected us. Thou hast broken us; Thou hast been angry; O, restore us.

Isaiah 7:1 - Now it came about in the days of Ahaz, the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Aram and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem to [wage] war against it, but could not conquer it.

Isaiah 7:2 - When it was reported to the house of David, saying, "The Arameans have camped in Ephraim," his heart and the hearts of his people shook as the trees of the forest shake with the wind.

Isaiah 7:4 - and say to him, 'Take care, and be calm, have no fear and do not be fainthearted because of these two stubs of smoldering firebrands, on account of the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram, and the son of Remaliah.

Isaiah 7:5 - 'Because Aram, [with] Ephraim and the son of Remaliah, has planned evil against you, saying,

Isaiah 7:8 - "For the head of Aram is Damascus and the head of Damascus is Rezin (now within another 65 years Ephraim will be shattered, [so that it is] no longer a people),

Isaiah 9:12 - The Arameans on the east and the Philistines on the west; And they devour Israel with gaping jaws. In [spite of] all this His anger does not turn away, And His hand is still stretched out.

Isaiah 17:3 - "The fortified city will disappear from Ephraim, And sovereignty from Damascus And the remnant of Aram; They will be like the glory of the sons of Israel," Declares the LORD of hosts.

Isaiah 36:11 - Then Eliakim and Shebna and Joah said to Rabshakeh, "Speak now to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand [it]; and do not speak with us in Judean, in the hearing of the people who are on the wall."

Jeremiah 35:11 - "But it came about, when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against the land, that we said, 'Come and let us go to Jerusalem before the army of the Chaldeans and before the army of the Arameans.' So we have dwelt in Jerusalem."

Ezekiel 23:20 - "And she lusted after their paramours, whose flesh is [like] the flesh of donkeys and whose issue is [like] the issue of horses.

Ezekiel 27:16 - "Aram was your customer because of the abundance of your goods; they paid for your wares with emeralds, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies.

Daniel 2:4 - Then the Chaldeans spoke to the king in Aramaic: "O king, live forever! Tell the dream to your servants, and we will declare the interpretation."

Hosea 12:12 - Now Jacob fled to the land of Aram, And Israel worked for a wife, And for a wife he kept [sheep].

Amos 1:5 - "I will also break the [gate] bar of Damascus, And cut off the inhabitant from the valley of Aven, And him who holds the scepter, from Beth-eden; So the people of Aram will go exiled to Kir," Says the LORD.

Amos 9:7 - "Are you not as the sons of Ethiopia to Me, O sons of Israel?" declares the LORD. "Have I not brought up Israel from the land of Egypt, And the Philistines from Caphtor and the Arameans from Kir?